Consumer rights

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Position paper
- PDF Document - 749.48 KB

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Currently, EU law insufficiently addresses unfair commercial practices in the digital realm. This means that policymakers should urgently update EU consumer law. BEUC believes the upcoming Digital Fairness Act is the key tool to make this change happen.

You will find all our recommendations for this important initiative in our new position paper.
Tools
- PDF Document - 136.6 KB

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Consumers combining different transport modes do not currently benefit from harmonised rights at EU level, making them completely dependent on operators’ terms and conditions. The European Commission proposed creating a framework in 2023 and both the European Parliament (EP) and the EU Council have reached their positions. It is now essential that the final compromise delivers a high-level of consumer protection.

This two-pager sums up BEUC’s main recommendations for trilogue negotiations. For more information see our position paper.
Tools
- PDF Document - 136.16 KB

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Passenger rights are essential consumer protections and are currently under review. In practice, few consumers get to exercise their rights due to overly lengthy, burdensome and ineffective enforcement procedures. This calls for change and trilogues need to clarify and strengthen passenger rights and their enforcement rather than diminish them. For more information, see our position paper, the Council and Parliament’s positions.
Press release
- PDF Document - 117.61 KB

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Today, the European Commission opened a rule-breaking procedure against the Spanish government for fining five airlines for their unfair hand-luggage pricing practices in May 2024. The overall fine amounted to €179 million. This decision takes place while Spanish courts are yet to give their decision on Ryanair's ongoing appeal of the fine.
Position paper
- PDF Document - 570.12 KB

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In the last years, consumers came across many new challenges from the COVID pandemic, war in Ukraine to the persistent cost-of-living crisis. As a result, their purchasing power and market behaviours have changed significantly. Today, more than ever, they need strong consumer protection legislation and its effective roll out and enforcement to fully benefit from the Single Market. Those are the prerequisites for more consumer trust, without which an improved EU competitiveness cannot become a reality. The upcoming Consumer Agenda will set a vision for the EU consumer policy for the next five years and will directly impact any developments in this area that have a potential to deliver to consumers.
Press release
- PDF Document - 135.85 KB

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Two years after BEUC denounced airlines’ widespread greenwashing to EU authorities, the situation has improved but more still needs to be done. As the Paris Air show is in full swing, BEUC encourages the European Commission and the network of consumer protection authorities (CPC-Network) to keep investigating the airlines’ practices and agree on commitments to make their marketing more trustworthy.
Reports
- PDF Document - 2.23 MB

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In June 2023, BEUC and 23 of its members from 19 countries lodged an EU-wide complaint against 17 European airlines for greenwashing. Based on a new evidence-gathering and two years after we launched our ‘Green (f)lying’ action we found that:
• Some airlines have removed or changed their climate-related marketing claims. This
appears to be a result of the actions launched by consumer groups and other civil society
organisations4 as well as of the exchanges between airlines and consumer protection
authorities.5
• However, greenwashing continues to be widespread, and some changes have been
limited (such as light changes in the wording and/or colour codes). Consumers are overall
still being faced with the false impression that they are choosing a sustainable transport
method rather than a highly polluting one.
• Airlines’ green claims continue to rely on two key arguments: As shown in our 2023
action, claims mainly misrepresent the impact of the flight through reliance on ‘offsetting’
claims and oversell the trader’s future goals and plans.
• ‘Green fares’ are increasingly popular. The airlines which are part of the Lufthansa group
registered a steady rise of such fares, which grant consumers extra miles or loyalty points.6
• Regulatory contexts are getting stricter in Europe and beyond. An increasing number of
authorities and court decisions have clarified when and how climate-related claims can be
admissible.

The world is changing fast. The green transition and digitalisation are trends that are having - and will have - a significant impact on consumers. BEUC is at the forefront of efforts to ensure consumers are front and centre in a greener and more digital Europe.

The EU’s flagship climate programme - the European Green Deal - will bring big changes for consumers, whether it is greener and more durable products or energy efficient home renovation. Consumer buy-in will be central to the Green Deal’s success and BEUC’s work is centred around ensuring the green transition is both affordable and accessible to all consumers. 

The digitalisation of the economy is also posing challenges to consumer protection. BEUC is leading efforts to ensure that EU consumer law adequately protects consumers in today’s digital world, whether it’s protection from ‘dark patterns,’ unfair online advertising and privacy-intrusive profiling and personalisation, or when dealing with connected products.

Efforts to ensure consumer protection in the green and digital transitions go hand-in-hand with wider efforts to strengthen consumer rights, such as the right to meaningful information, protection against unfair terms and practices, or the right to remedy when things go wrong.

BEUC is also working to ensure passengers – across all modes of transport – and travellers enjoy strong and enforceable rights, including for multimodal journeys. BEUC will also ensure that passengers are protected against airline insolvency and that there is a review of pre-payment business models in the tourism sector, which have proved unsustainable in times of crisis.

  • Continue to update and modernise EU consumer law as society becomes increasingly digitalised:
    • Meet challenges of consumer protection by strengthening consumer rights, such as the rights to receive correct information, to not be misled, to be protected against unfair terms and unfair practices, or to have remedies available in case of faulty goods
    • Consumers should have effective remedies available if traders breach EU consumer law
  • EU air passenger rights legislation improved and completed. Legislation must be better enforced to ensure the difficulties consumers face when travelling by air are reduced
  • Defend the consumer voice during the EU’s fitness check of consumer law (REFIT)
  • Make sure consumers are protected when it comes to who is liable for a defective product